CubicCurve2D (Java Platform SE 8 )
Keywords: java.awt.geom.CubicCurve2D class
Date: 2026-07-22

java.awt.geom

## Class CubicCurve2D

- java.lang.Object
- - java.awt.geom.CubicCurve2D

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Shape, Cloneable
  Direct Known Subclasses:
    CubicCurve2D.Double, CubicCurve2D.Float

      public abstract class CubicCurve2D
      extends Object
      implements Shape, Cloneable

  The `CubicCurve2D` class defines a cubic parametric curve segment in `(x,y)` coordinate space.

  This class is only the abstract superclass for all objects which store a 2D cubic curve segment. The actual storage representation of the coordinates is left to the subclass.

  Since:
    1.2

- - ### Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes
    Modifier and Type | Class and Description
    --- | ---
    `static class` | `CubicCurve2D.Double` A cubic parametric curve segment specified with `double` coordinates.
    `static class` | `CubicCurve2D.Float` A cubic parametric curve segment specified with `float` coordinates.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Modifier | Constructor and Description
    --- | ---
    `protected` | `CubicCurve2D()` This is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated directly.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `Object` | `clone()` Creates a new object of the same class as this object.
    `boolean` | `contains(double x, double y)` Tests if the specified coordinates are inside the boundary of the `Shape`, as described by the definition of insideness.
    `boolean` | `contains(double x, double y, double w, double h)` Tests if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the specified rectangular area.
    `boolean` | `contains(Point2D p)` Tests if a specified `Point2D` is inside the boundary of the `Shape`, as described by the definition of insideness.
    `boolean` | `contains(Rectangle2D r)` Tests if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the specified `Rectangle2D`.
    `Rectangle` | `getBounds()` Returns an integer `Rectangle` that completely encloses the `Shape`.
    `abstract Point2D` | `getCtrlP1()` Returns the first control point.
    `abstract Point2D` | `getCtrlP2()` Returns the second control point.
    `abstract double` | `getCtrlX1()` Returns the X coordinate of the first control point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getCtrlX2()` Returns the X coordinate of the second control point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getCtrlY1()` Returns the Y coordinate of the first control point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getCtrlY2()` Returns the Y coordinate of the second control point in double precision.
    `double` | `getFlatness()` Returns the flatness of this curve.
    `static double` | `getFlatness(double[] coords, int offset)` Returns the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the control points stored in the indicated array at the indicated index.
    `static double` | `getFlatness(double x1, double y1, double ctrlx1, double ctrly1, double ctrlx2, double ctrly2, double x2, double y2)` Returns the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the indicated control points.
    `double` | `getFlatnessSq()` Returns the square of the flatness of this curve.
    `static double` | `getFlatnessSq(double[] coords, int offset)` Returns the square of the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the control points stored in the indicated array at the indicated index.
    `static double` | `getFlatnessSq(double x1, double y1, double ctrlx1, double ctrly1, double ctrlx2, double ctrly2, double x2, double y2)` Returns the square of the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the indicated control points.
    `abstract Point2D` | `getP1()` Returns the start point.
    `abstract Point2D` | `getP2()` Returns the end point.
    `PathIterator` | `getPathIterator(AffineTransform at)` Returns an iteration object that defines the boundary of the shape.
    `PathIterator` | `getPathIterator(AffineTransform at, double flatness)` Return an iteration object that defines the boundary of the flattened shape.
    `abstract double` | `getX1()` Returns the X coordinate of the start point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getX2()` Returns the X coordinate of the end point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getY1()` Returns the Y coordinate of the start point in double precision.
    `abstract double` | `getY2()` Returns the Y coordinate of the end point in double precision.
    `boolean` | `intersects(double x, double y, double w, double h)` Tests if the interior of the `Shape` intersects the interior of a specified rectangular area.
    `boolean` | `intersects(Rectangle2D r)` Tests if the interior of the `Shape` intersects the interior of a specified `Rectangle2D`.
    `void` | `setCurve(CubicCurve2D c)` Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the same as those in the specified `CubicCurve2D`.
    `void` | `setCurve(double[] coords, int offset)` Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the double coordinates at the specified offset in the specified array.
    `abstract void` | `setCurve(double x1, double y1, double ctrlx1, double ctrly1, double ctrlx2, double ctrly2, double x2, double y2)` Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the specified double coordinates.
    `void` | `setCurve(Point2D[] pts, int offset)` Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the coordinates of the `Point2D` objects at the specified offset in the specified array.
    `void` | `setCurve(Point2D p1, Point2D cp1, Point2D cp2, Point2D p2)` Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the specified `Point2D` coordinates.
    `static int` | `solveCubic(double[] eqn)` Solves the cubic whose coefficients are in the `eqn` array and places the non-complex roots back into the same array, returning the number of roots.
    `static int` | `solveCubic(double[] eqn, double[] res)` Solve the cubic whose coefficients are in the `eqn` array and place the non-complex roots into the `res` array, returning the number of roots.
    `void` | `subdivide(CubicCurve2D left, CubicCurve2D right)` Subdivides this cubic curve and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the left and right curve parameters.
    `static void` | `subdivide(CubicCurve2D src, CubicCurve2D left, CubicCurve2D right)` Subdivides the cubic curve specified by the `src` parameter and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the `left` and `right` curve parameters.
    `static void` | `subdivide(double[] src, int srcoff, double[] left, int leftoff, double[] right, int rightoff)` Subdivides the cubic curve specified by the coordinates stored in the `src` array at indices `srcoff` through (`srcoff` + 7) and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the two result arrays at the corresponding indices.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

    - ### Methods inherited from interface java.awt.Shape

      `getBounds2D`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### CubicCurve2D

          protected CubicCurve2D()

      This is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated directly. Type-specific implementation subclasses are available for instantiation and provide a number of formats for storing the information necessary to satisfy the various accessor methods below.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `CubicCurve2D.Float`, `CubicCurve2D.Double`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### getX1

          public abstract double getX1()

      Returns the X coordinate of the start point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the X coordinate of the start point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getY1

          public abstract double getY1()

      Returns the Y coordinate of the start point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the Y coordinate of the start point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getP1

          public abstract Point2D getP1()

      Returns the start point.
      Returns:
        a `Point2D` that is the start point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlX1

          public abstract double getCtrlX1()

      Returns the X coordinate of the first control point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the X coordinate of the first control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlY1

          public abstract double getCtrlY1()

      Returns the Y coordinate of the first control point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the Y coordinate of the first control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlP1

          public abstract Point2D getCtrlP1()

      Returns the first control point.
      Returns:
        a `Point2D` that is the first control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlX2

          public abstract double getCtrlX2()

      Returns the X coordinate of the second control point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the X coordinate of the second control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlY2

          public abstract double getCtrlY2()

      Returns the Y coordinate of the second control point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the Y coordinate of the second control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getCtrlP2

          public abstract Point2D getCtrlP2()

      Returns the second control point.
      Returns:
        a `Point2D` that is the second control point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getX2

          public abstract double getX2()

      Returns the X coordinate of the end point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the X coordinate of the end point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getY2

          public abstract double getY2()

      Returns the Y coordinate of the end point in double precision.
      Returns:
        the Y coordinate of the end point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getP2

          public abstract Point2D getP2()

      Returns the end point.
      Returns:
        a `Point2D` that is the end point of the `CubicCurve2D`.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### setCurve

          public abstract void setCurve(double x1,
                                        double y1,
                                        double ctrlx1,
                                        double ctrly1,
                                        double ctrlx2,
                                        double ctrly2,
                                        double x2,
                                        double y2)

      Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the specified double coordinates.
      Parameters:
        `x1` - the X coordinate used to set the start point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `y1` - the Y coordinate used to set the start point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx1` - the X coordinate used to set the first control point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly1` - the Y coordinate used to set the first control point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx2` - the X coordinate used to set the second control point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly2` - the Y coordinate used to set the second control point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `x2` - the X coordinate used to set the end point of this `CubicCurve2D`
        `y2` - the Y coordinate used to set the end point of this `CubicCurve2D`
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### setCurve

          public void setCurve(double[] coords,
                               int offset)

      Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the double coordinates at the specified offset in the specified array.
      Parameters:
        `coords` - a double array containing coordinates
        `offset` - the index of `coords` from which to begin setting the end points and control points of this curve to the coordinates contained in `coords`
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### setCurve

          public void setCurve(Point2D p1,
                               Point2D cp1,
                               Point2D cp2,
                               Point2D p2)

      Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the specified `Point2D` coordinates.
      Parameters:
        `p1` - the first specified `Point2D` used to set the start point of this curve
        `cp1` - the second specified `Point2D` used to set the first control point of this curve
        `cp2` - the third specified `Point2D` used to set the second control point of this curve
        `p2` - the fourth specified `Point2D` used to set the end point of this curve
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### setCurve

          public void setCurve(Point2D[] pts,
                               int offset)

      Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the coordinates of the `Point2D` objects at the specified offset in the specified array.
      Parameters:
        `pts` - an array of `Point2D` objects
        `offset` - the index of `pts` from which to begin setting the end points and control points of this curve to the points contained in `pts`
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### setCurve

          public void setCurve(CubicCurve2D c)

      Sets the location of the end points and control points of this curve to the same as those in the specified `CubicCurve2D`.
      Parameters:
        `c` - the specified `CubicCurve2D`
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatnessSq

          public static double getFlatnessSq(double x1,
                                             double y1,
                                             double ctrlx1,
                                             double ctrly1,
                                             double ctrlx2,
                                             double ctrly2,
                                             double x2,
                                             double y2)

      Returns the square of the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the indicated control points. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Parameters:
        `x1` - the X coordinate that specifies the start point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `y1` - the Y coordinate that specifies the start point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx1` - the X coordinate that specifies the first control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly1` - the Y coordinate that specifies the first control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx2` - the X coordinate that specifies the second control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly2` - the Y coordinate that specifies the second control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `x2` - the X coordinate that specifies the end point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `y2` - the Y coordinate that specifies the end point of a `CubicCurve2D`
      Returns:
        the square of the flatness of the `CubicCurve2D` represented by the specified coordinates.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatness

          public static double getFlatness(double x1,
                                           double y1,
                                           double ctrlx1,
                                           double ctrly1,
                                           double ctrlx2,
                                           double ctrly2,
                                           double x2,
                                           double y2)

      Returns the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the indicated control points. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Parameters:
        `x1` - the X coordinate that specifies the start point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `y1` - the Y coordinate that specifies the start point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx1` - the X coordinate that specifies the first control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly1` - the Y coordinate that specifies the first control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrlx2` - the X coordinate that specifies the second control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `ctrly2` - the Y coordinate that specifies the second control point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `x2` - the X coordinate that specifies the end point of a `CubicCurve2D`
        `y2` - the Y coordinate that specifies the end point of a `CubicCurve2D`
      Returns:
        the flatness of the `CubicCurve2D` represented by the specified coordinates.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatnessSq

          public static double getFlatnessSq(double[] coords,
                                             int offset)

      Returns the square of the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the control points stored in the indicated array at the indicated index. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Parameters:
        `coords` - an array containing coordinates
        `offset` - the index of `coords` from which to begin getting the end points and control points of the curve
      Returns:
        the square of the flatness of the `CubicCurve2D` specified by the coordinates in `coords` at the specified offset.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatness

          public static double getFlatness(double[] coords,
                                           int offset)

      Returns the flatness of the cubic curve specified by the control points stored in the indicated array at the indicated index. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Parameters:
        `coords` - an array containing coordinates
        `offset` - the index of `coords` from which to begin getting the end points and control points of the curve
      Returns:
        the flatness of the `CubicCurve2D` specified by the coordinates in `coords` at the specified offset.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatnessSq

          public double getFlatnessSq()

      Returns the square of the flatness of this curve. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Returns:
        the square of the flatness of this curve.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getFlatness

          public double getFlatness()

      Returns the flatness of this curve. The flatness is the maximum distance of a control point from the line connecting the end points.
      Returns:
        the flatness of this curve.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### subdivide

          public void subdivide(CubicCurve2D left,
                                CubicCurve2D right)

      Subdivides this cubic curve and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the left and right curve parameters. Either or both of the left and right objects may be the same as this object or null.
      Parameters:
        `left` - the cubic curve object for storing for the left or first half of the subdivided curve
        `right` - the cubic curve object for storing for the right or second half of the subdivided curve
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### subdivide

          public static void subdivide(CubicCurve2D src,
                                       CubicCurve2D left,
                                       CubicCurve2D right)

      Subdivides the cubic curve specified by the `src` parameter and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the `left` and `right` curve parameters. Either or both of the `left` and `right` objects may be the same as the `src` object or `null`.
      Parameters:
        `src` - the cubic curve to be subdivided
        `left` - the cubic curve object for storing the left or first half of the subdivided curve
        `right` - the cubic curve object for storing the right or second half of the subdivided curve
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### subdivide

          public static void subdivide(double[] src,
                                       int srcoff,
                                       double[] left,
                                       int leftoff,
                                       double[] right,
                                       int rightoff)

      Subdivides the cubic curve specified by the coordinates stored in the `src` array at indices `srcoff` through (`srcoff` + 7) and stores the resulting two subdivided curves into the two result arrays at the corresponding indices. Either or both of the `left` and `right` arrays may be `null` or a reference to the same array as the `src` array. Note that the last point in the first subdivided curve is the same as the first point in the second subdivided curve. Thus, it is possible to pass the same array for `left` and `right` and to use offsets, such as `rightoff` equals (`leftoff` + 6), in order to avoid allocating extra storage for this common point.
      Parameters:
        `src` - the array holding the coordinates for the source curve
        `srcoff` - the offset into the array of the beginning of the the 6 source coordinates
        `left` - the array for storing the coordinates for the first half of the subdivided curve
        `leftoff` - the offset into the array of the beginning of the the 6 left coordinates
        `right` - the array for storing the coordinates for the second half of the subdivided curve
        `rightoff` - the offset into the array of the beginning of the the 6 right coordinates
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### solveCubic

          public static int solveCubic(double[] eqn)

      Solves the cubic whose coefficients are in the `eqn` array and places the non-complex roots back into the same array, returning the number of roots. The solved cubic is represented by the equation:

               eqn = {c, b, a, d}
               dx^3 + ax^2 + bx + c = 0

      A return value of -1 is used to distinguish a constant equation that might be always 0 or never 0 from an equation that has no zeroes.
      Parameters:
        `eqn` - an array containing coefficients for a cubic
      Returns:
        the number of roots, or -1 if the equation is a constant.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### solveCubic

          public static int solveCubic(double[] eqn,
                                       double[] res)

      Solve the cubic whose coefficients are in the `eqn` array and place the non-complex roots into the `res` array, returning the number of roots. The cubic solved is represented by the equation: eqn = {c, b, a, d} dx^3 + ax^2 + bx + c = 0 A return value of -1 is used to distinguish a constant equation, which may be always 0 or never 0, from an equation which has no zeroes.
      Parameters:
        `eqn` - the specified array of coefficients to use to solve the cubic equation
        `res` - the array that contains the non-complex roots resulting from the solution of the cubic equation
      Returns:
        the number of roots, or -1 if the equation is a constant
      Since:
        1.3

    - #### contains

          public boolean contains(double x,
                                  double y)

      Tests if the specified coordinates are inside the boundary of the `Shape`, as described by the definition of insideness.
      Specified by:
        `contains` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `x` - the specified X coordinate to be tested
        `y` - the specified Y coordinate to be tested
      Returns:
        `true` if the specified coordinates are inside the `Shape` boundary; `false` otherwise.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### contains

          public boolean contains(Point2D p)

      Tests if a specified `Point2D` is inside the boundary of the `Shape`, as described by the definition of insideness.
      Specified by:
        `contains` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `p` - the specified `Point2D` to be tested
      Returns:
        `true` if the specified `Point2D` is inside the boundary of the `Shape`; `false` otherwise.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### intersects

          public boolean intersects(double x,
                                    double y,
                                    double w,
                                    double h)

      Tests if the interior of the `Shape` intersects the interior of a specified rectangular area. The rectangular area is considered to intersect the `Shape` if any point is contained in both the interior of the `Shape` and the specified rectangular area.

      The `Shape.intersects()` method allows a `Shape` implementation to conservatively return `true` when:

      - there is a high probability that the rectangular area and the `Shape` intersect, but
      - the calculations to accurately determine this intersection are prohibitively expensive.
      This means that for some `Shapes` this method might return `true` even though the rectangular area does not intersect the `Shape`. The `Area` class performs more accurate computations of geometric intersection than most `Shape` objects and therefore can be used if a more precise answer is required.
      Specified by:
        `intersects` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `x` - the X coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular area
        `y` - the Y coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular area
        `w` - the width of the specified rectangular area
        `h` - the height of the specified rectangular area
      Returns:
        `true` if the interior of the `Shape` and the interior of the rectangular area intersect, or are both highly likely to intersect and intersection calculations would be too expensive to perform; `false` otherwise.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Area`

    - #### intersects

          public boolean intersects(Rectangle2D r)

      Tests if the interior of the `Shape` intersects the interior of a specified `Rectangle2D`. The `Shape.intersects()` method allows a `Shape` implementation to conservatively return `true` when:
      - there is a high probability that the `Rectangle2D` and the `Shape` intersect, but
      - the calculations to accurately determine this intersection are prohibitively expensive.
      This means that for some `Shapes` this method might return `true` even though the `Rectangle2D` does not intersect the `Shape`. The `Area` class performs more accurate computations of geometric intersection than most `Shape` objects and therefore can be used if a more precise answer is required.
      Specified by:
        `intersects` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `r` - the specified `Rectangle2D`
      Returns:
        `true` if the interior of the `Shape` and the interior of the specified `Rectangle2D` intersect, or are both highly likely to intersect and intersection calculations would be too expensive to perform; `false` otherwise.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Shape.intersects(double, double, double, double)`

    - #### contains

          public boolean contains(double x,
                                  double y,
                                  double w,
                                  double h)

      Tests if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the specified rectangular area. All coordinates that lie inside the rectangular area must lie within the `Shape` for the entire rectangular area to be considered contained within the `Shape`.

      The `Shape.contains()` method allows a `Shape` implementation to conservatively return `false` when:

      - the `intersect` method returns `true` and
      - the calculations to determine whether or not the `Shape` entirely contains the rectangular area are prohibitively expensive.
      This means that for some `Shapes` this method might return `false` even though the `Shape` contains the rectangular area. The `Area` class performs more accurate geometric computations than most `Shape` objects and therefore can be used if a more precise answer is required.
      Specified by:
        `contains` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `x` - the X coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular area
        `y` - the Y coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular area
        `w` - the width of the specified rectangular area
        `h` - the height of the specified rectangular area
      Returns:
        `true` if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the specified rectangular area; `false` otherwise or, if the `Shape` contains the rectangular area and the `intersects` method returns `true` and the containment calculations would be too expensive to perform.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Area`, `Shape.intersects(double, double, double, double)`

    - #### contains

          public boolean contains(Rectangle2D r)

      Tests if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the specified `Rectangle2D`. The `Shape.contains()` method allows a `Shape` implementation to conservatively return `false` when:
      - the `intersect` method returns `true` and
      - the calculations to determine whether or not the `Shape` entirely contains the `Rectangle2D` are prohibitively expensive.
      This means that for some `Shapes` this method might return `false` even though the `Shape` contains the `Rectangle2D`. The `Area` class performs more accurate geometric computations than most `Shape` objects and therefore can be used if a more precise answer is required.
      Specified by:
        `contains` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `r` - The specified `Rectangle2D`
      Returns:
        `true` if the interior of the `Shape` entirely contains the `Rectangle2D`; `false` otherwise or, if the `Shape` contains the `Rectangle2D` and the `intersects` method returns `true` and the containment calculations would be too expensive to perform.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Shape.contains(double, double, double, double)`

    - #### getBounds

          public Rectangle getBounds()

      Returns an integer `Rectangle` that completely encloses the `Shape`. Note that there is no guarantee that the returned `Rectangle` is the smallest bounding box that encloses the `Shape`, only that the `Shape` lies entirely within the indicated `Rectangle`. The returned `Rectangle` might also fail to completely enclose the `Shape` if the `Shape` overflows the limited range of the integer data type. The `getBounds2D` method generally returns a tighter bounding box due to its greater flexibility in representation.

      Note that the definition of insideness can lead to situations where points on the defining outline of the `shape` may not be considered contained in the returned `bounds` object, but only in cases where those points are also not considered contained in the original `shape`.

      If a `point` is inside the `shape` according to the `contains(point)` method, then it must be inside the returned `Rectangle` bounds object according to the `contains(point)` method of the `bounds`. Specifically:

      `shape.contains(x,y)` requires `bounds.contains(x,y)`

      If a `point` is not inside the `shape`, then it might still be contained in the `bounds` object:

      `bounds.contains(x,y)` does not imply `shape.contains(x,y)`

      Specified by:
        `getBounds` in interface `Shape`
      Returns:
        an integer `Rectangle` that completely encloses the `Shape`.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Shape.getBounds2D()`

    - #### getPathIterator

          public PathIterator getPathIterator(AffineTransform at)

      Returns an iteration object that defines the boundary of the shape. The iterator for this class is not multi-threaded safe, which means that this `CubicCurve2D` class does not guarantee that modifications to the geometry of this `CubicCurve2D` object do not affect any iterations of that geometry that are already in process.
      Specified by:
        `getPathIterator` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `at` - an optional `AffineTransform` to be applied to the coordinates as they are returned in the iteration, or `null` if untransformed coordinates are desired
      Returns:
        the `PathIterator` object that returns the geometry of the outline of this `CubicCurve2D`, one segment at a time.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getPathIterator

          public PathIterator getPathIterator(AffineTransform at,
                                              double flatness)

      Return an iteration object that defines the boundary of the flattened shape. The iterator for this class is not multi-threaded safe, which means that this `CubicCurve2D` class does not guarantee that modifications to the geometry of this `CubicCurve2D` object do not affect any iterations of that geometry that are already in process.
      Specified by:
        `getPathIterator` in interface `Shape`
      Parameters:
        `at` - an optional `AffineTransform` to be applied to the coordinates as they are returned in the iteration, or `null` if untransformed coordinates are desired
        `flatness` - the maximum amount that the control points for a given curve can vary from colinear before a subdivided curve is replaced by a straight line connecting the end points
      Returns:
        the `PathIterator` object that returns the geometry of the outline of this `CubicCurve2D`, one segment at a time.
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### clone

          public Object clone()

      Creates a new object of the same class as this object.
      Overrides:
        `clone` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a clone of this instance.
      Throws:
        `OutOfMemoryError` - if there is not enough memory.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Cloneable`

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